Creating the nursing care map in the evaluation of kidney transplant candidates: A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

AIMS: To analyse the aspects involved in the care of individuals assessed as kidney transplant candidates and to identify the role of nurses in providing specialised care for this population. DESIGN: Scoping review. The results were summarised using a narrative synthesis technique. DATA SOURCES: A review of the literature published between 2001 and 2021 was conducted between October and November 2021 using PubMed, CINAHL and SciELO. REVIEW METHODS: The research team agreed on a search strategy based on clinical practice guidelines for assessing kidney transplantation candidates. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies published in peer-reviewed journals in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese were included. RESULTS: A total of 377 studies were identified, and 49 articles were included after the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The narrative synthesis was structured into four themes: Physical needs; Psychological and quality of life needs; Education and adherence needs; and Nurses' role. CONCLUSION: Nursing assessment of kidney transplantation candidates should encompass physical, psychosocial and adherence aspects. A variety of methodologies and resources are available for this assessment. Nurses contribute to coordinating access to kidney transplantation, aiming to improve adherence to an appropriate lifestyle to prevent patients from being excluded from kidney transplantation or suffering from kidney transplantation-related complications. IMPACT: Based on our findings, we managed to design a nursing care map for kidney transplantation candidates combining the main elements of nursing care that should be incorporated into this process. Advanced practice nursing professionals play a crucial role in accessing renal transplant care.

Nurse-led clinical activity in kidney transplantation care in Spain: A cross-sectional observational study.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the presence of specialist outpatient nursing activity in care for kidney transplant recipients in Spain and to determine the level of competence development of this activity according to the Advanced Practice Nurse model. DESIGN: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS AND MEASUREMENTS: All outpatient nurses specialising in renal transplantation in the 39 transplant hospitals in Spain were included. To fulfil the study objectives, an ad hoc questionnaire and the 'Advanced Practice Nurse Role Definition Instrument (IDREPA)' were administered to assess the nurses' level of competence development. RESULTS: Of the facilities included in the study, 25 (64.1%) had posttransplant nursing activity, 13 (33.3%) had pretransplant nursing activity and 11 (28.2%) had nursing activity involving kidney donor candidates. Twenty-seven specialist nurse's offices were identified. The results of the IDREPA reflect the presence of advanced practice in the domains of 'expert care planning' and 'comprehensive care'. Three (11.1%) nurses met all criteria for advanced nursing practice. CONCLUSION: The results on specialised outpatient nursing activity at the 39 transplantation facilities in Spain indicate a low presence of this type of activity, with an even lower presence of advanced practice nurses. IMPLICATIONS FOR CLINICAL PRACTICE: Management teams should consider investing in the quality of care provided by advanced nurse practice to ensure that suitable treatment is provided and better clinical outcomes are obtained.

The role of Advanced Practice Nurses in creating the Kidney Transplant candidate care map (APN-preKT): a convergent-parallel mixed methods research protocol.

BACKGROUND: Waiting time for kidney transplants (KT) is an important health determinant for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). During this time, ongoing evaluation and participation is necessary in order to guarantee the quality and suitability of the proposed treatment. There is no existing literature on the potential impact of inclusion of an Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) role in the hospital setting on care for CKD patients who are candidates for KT. The main objectives of this protocol are: to analyse outpatient nursing activity in the care of individuals with KT in Spain; to identify the needs of individuals who are KT candidates; and to measure the impact of the APN role through patient outcomes and experiences. These objectives are fulfilled through 5 specific related substudies. METHODS: A convergent parallel mixed methods approach will be conducted between July 2021 and April 2024. Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected and analysed separately to ascertain whether the findings confirm or contradict one another. Each of the 5 substudies of the project require a specific design, sampling method, and data collection procedure in order to meet the overall objectives for the project. DISCUSSION: The results of the project are expected to inform the design of future nursing roles and contribute to future improvements in the quality of care provided. The data that may be obtained from this protocol are limited to the specific context of the study facility and may be extrapolated but not compared to other settings due to the variability of care pathways for KT candidates internationally. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This project was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (no.2020/9418/I). The study was supported by the "Strategic Plan for Health Research and Innovation" from the Generalitat de Catalunya, registration number SLT017/20/000001, with a contribution of 57,239 euros.

Recording of Social Determinants in Computerized Medical Records in Primary Care Consultations: Quasi-Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND:  Social determinants of health may be more important than medical or lifestyle choices in influencing people's health. Even so, there is a deficit in recording these in patients' computerized medical histories. The Spanish administration and the World Health Organization are promoting the recording of diagnoses in computerized clinical histories with the aim of benefiting the individual, the professional, and the community. In most cases, professionals tend to record only clinical diagnoses despite evidence in the literature documenting that addressing the social determinants of health can lead to improvements in health and reductions in social disparities in disease. OBJECTIVE:  This study aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a mixed intervention (face-to-face-digital) aimed at improving the quantity and quality of the records of the social determinants of health in computerized medical records at primary care clinics. METHODS:  A quasi-experimental, nonrandomized, controlled, multicenter study with 2 parallel study arms was conducted in the area of Central Catalonia (Spain) with primary care professionals of the Institut Català de la Salut (ICS), working from September 23, 2019, to March 31, 2020. All interested professionals were accepted. In total, 22 basic health areas were involved in the study. In Spain and Catalonia, the International Classification of Diseases is used, in which there is a coding of the social determinants of health. Five social determinants were selected by a physician, a nurse, and a social worker; these professionals had experience in primary care and were experts in community health. The choice was made taking into account the ease of use, benefit, and existing terminology. The intervention, based on the integration of a checklist, was integrated as part of the usual multidisciplinary clinical workflow in primary care consultations to influence the recording of these determinants in the patient's computerized medical record. RESULTS:  After 6 months of implementing the intervention, the volume and quantity of records of 5 social determinants of health were compared, and a significant increase in the median number of pre- and postintervention diagnoses was observed (P≤.001). There was also an increase in the diversity of selected social determinants. Using the linear regression model, the significant mean increase of the experimental group with respect to the control group was estimated with a coefficient of 8.18 (95% CI 5.11-11.26). CONCLUSIONS:  The intervention described in this study is an effective tool for coding the social determinants of health designed by a multidisciplinary team to be incorporated into the workflow of primary care practices. The effectiveness of its usability and the description of the intervention described here should be generalizable to any environment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04151056; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04151056.

Prevalencia y grado de control de la diabetes en centros de atención geriátrica / Prevalence and degree of control of diabetes in nursing homes

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y el grado de control de la diabetes mellitus en la población que vive en residencias geriátricas en la zona de L’Hospitalet de Llobregat. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal, multicéntrico, en 4 centros de atención geriátrica y gerontológica vinculados a los centros de atención primaria Santa Eulalia Sur, en L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, diagnóstico de diabetes, tratamiento farmacológico y patologías concomitantes, el índice de Barthel, el test de Pfeiffer y la escala de Braden. Se realizó un análisis univariante y bivariante relacionando la presencia de diabetes y el control de esta patología con las diferentes variables de estudio. Resultados: La muestra se compuso por 273 casos, con una edad media de 86,9 (± 6,6) años. La prevalencia de diabetes fue del 31,1%. El nivel de dependencia en el índice de Barthel fue de 42,0 ± 31,3 puntos. Un 20,9% presenta un funcionamiento cognitivo normal y un 10,6% tiene un elevado riesgo de padecer úlceras por presión. Los pacientes diagnosticados de diabetes tuvieron mayor riesgo de padecer hipertensión arterial (OR: 2,03; IC95%, 1,07-3,84). Conclusiones:La prevalencia de diabetes en la población geriátrica institucionalizada es elevada. Teniendo en cuenta la edad de estos pacientes, sus comorbilidades y su fragilidad se hace necesario controlar los síntomas y el pronóstico en cuanto a deterioro físico-cognitivo (AU)

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and Diabetes control in the population who lives in nursing homes in the L’Hospitalet de Llobregat area. Methodology: Cross-sectional, multi-center descriptive study in four geriatric and gerontological care centers linked to Santa Eulalia Sur primary care centers, in L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona. Sociodemographic variables, diagnosis of Diabetes, pharmacological treatment and concomitant pathologies were collected. It includes the Barthel index, Pfeiffer test and Braden scale. A univariate and bivariate analysis was performed, relating the presence of diabetes and the control of this pathology with the different study variables. Results: The sample consisted of 273 cases with an average age of 86,9 (± 6.6) years. The prevalence of diabetes was 31.1%. The level of dependence in the Barthel index was 42.0 ± 31.3 points. 20.9% have normal cognitive functioning and 10.6% have a high risk of pressure ulcers. Patients diagnosed with diabetes have a higher risk of developing arterial hypertension (OR: 2.03; 95%CI, 1.07-3.84). Conclusions: The prevalence of diabetes in the institutionalized geriatric population is high, taking into account the age of these patients, their comorbidities and frailty it is necessary to control the symptoms and the prognosis in terms of physical-cognitive impairment (AU)

[Perceptions and external factors of physical activity in adolescents using mixed methods]. / Percepciones y factores externos de la actividad física en adolescentes mediante métodos mixtos.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the levels of physical activity in adolescents and their relationship with perceptions of physical activity and external factors. METHOD: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The participants were adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18. They were recruited in secondary schools in the municipality of Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. The measurements were amount of physical activity (IPAQ-A questionnaire) and the relationship between level of physical activity and the perceptions of physical activity and external factors proposed by the health promotion model. RESULTS: Of the total sample, 60.34% participants were insufficiently active. The factors positively associated with physical activity were male gender (p<0.01), engaging in extracurricular sports (p<0.01), perceiving benefits (p<0.01), perceiving self-efficacy (p<0.01), interpersonal influences (p<0.01), having parents who engage in sports (p<0.01), social support (p<0.01) and social norms supporting exercise (p<0.01). The factors negatively associated with physical activity were female gender (p<0.01), body mass index (p=0.048) and perceiving obstacles (p<0.01). There was no relationship with social class (p=0.164). Situational influences were a conditioning factor for boys (p<0.01), but not girls (p=0.561). CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies factors that determinate the practice of physical activity in adolescents. Taking these factors into account in the design of health promotion interventions and policies could help increase levels of physical activity in this population. Even so, there are some variables, such as gender and socioeconomic status, that should be explored in depth through research that is more exploratory and discursive.

Percepciones y factores externos de la actividad física en adolescentes mediante métodos mixtos / Perceptions and external factors of physical activity in adolescents using mixed methods

Objetivo: Analizar los niveles de actividad física en adolescentes y su relación con las percepciones sobre actividad física y con los factores externos. Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Participaron adolescentes entre 11 y 18 años, reclutados/as en los centros de educación secundaria del municipio de Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona. Las mediciones consistieron en la valoración del nivel de actividad física mediante el cuestionario IPAQ-A y la relación del nivel de práctica de actividad física con las percepciones sobre actividad física y con los factores externos descritos en el modelo de promoción de la salud de Pender. Resultados: El 60,34% de los/las adolescentes fueron insuficientemente activos/as. Los factores asociados positivamente a la práctica de actividad física fueron el sexo masculino (p < 0,01), hacer deporte extraescolar (p < 0,01), la percepción de beneficios (p < 0,01), la percepción de autoeficacia (p < 0,01), las influencias interpersonales (p < 0,01), que los padres y las madres hagan deporte (p < 0,01), los modelos (p < 0,01) y las normas (p < 0,01). Los factores correlacionados asociados negativamente fueron el sexo femenino (p < 0,01), el índice de masa corporal (p = 0,048) y la percepción de barreras (p < 0,01). No se halló relación con la clase social (p = 0,164). Las influencias situacionales fueron un factor condicionante en los chicos (p < 0,01), pero no en las chicas (p = 0,561). Conclusiones: Este estudio identifica factores que determinan la práctica de actividad física en los/las adolescentes, que teniéndolos en cuenta en el diseño de intervenciones y políticas de promoción podrían ayudar a aumentar los niveles actuales. Aun así, existen algunos condicionantes, como el sexo y la clase social, que habría que estudiar con profundidad mediante investigaciones más exploratorias y discursivas. (AU)

Objective: Analyze the levels of physical activity in adolescents and their relationship with perceptions of physical activity and external factors. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The participants were adolescents between the ages of 11 and 18. They were recruited in secondary schools in the municipality of Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. The measurements were amount of physical activity (IPAQ-A questionnaire) and the relationship between level of physical activity and the perceptions of physical activity and external factors proposed by the health promotion model. Results: Of the total sample, 60.34% participants were insufficiently active. The factors positively associated with physical activity were male gender (p < 0.01), engaging in extracurricular sports (p < 0.01), perceiving benefits (p < 0.01), perceiving self-efficacy (p < 0.01), interpersonal influences (p < 0.01), having parents who engage in sports (p < 0.01), social support (p < 0.01) and social norms supporting exercise (p < 0.01). The factors negatively associated with physical activity were female gender (p < 0.01), body mass index (p = 0.048) and perceiving obstacles (p < 0.01). There was no relationship with social class (p = 0.164). Situational influences were a conditioning factor for boys (p < 0.01), but not girls (p = 0.561). Conclusions: This study identifies factors that determinate the practice of physical activity in adolescents. Taking these factors into account in the design of health promotion interventions and policies could help increase levels of physical activity in this population. Even so, there are some variables, such as gender and socioeconomic status, that should be explored in depth through research that is more exploratory and discursive. (AU)

Necesidades asistenciales durante el estudio de personas candidatas a donantes de riñón “PREMIO SEDEN SOBRE DONACIÓN Y TRASPLANTE 2021” / Care needs during the study of kidney donor candidates

Objetivos: Describir las necesidades asistenciales del candidato a donante de riñón; sus características sociodemográficas y clínicas; y analizar los resultados desde una perspectiva de género.Material y Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Se recogieron datos clínicos; sociodemográficos; y el número y tipo de visitas y pruebas realizadas durante el año 2020.Resultados: Se incluyeron 60 candidatos a donantes de riñón (n=37 mujeres; 61,67%) con una media de 51,98±14,50 años y una mediana de 2,5 [RIQ (0,69-5,29)] meses de estudio. 16 (26,67%) fueron aptos para la donación, correspondiendo al 14,16% de la actividad en Trasplante Renal (TR) del centro de referencia. Se requirieron 757 visitas (20,60% de la actividad) de las que 341 (45,05%) fueron visitas con la enfermera. Se requirieron 423 pruebas (19,60% de la actividad) durante el estudio. Se identificó una media de 1,87±1,35 factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la muestra analizada, siendo de 1,56±0,81 en los que finalmente fueron donantes. Más mujeres (n=12; 75%) que hombres (n=4; 25%) fueron finalmente donantes renales.Conclusiones: El estudio del candidato a donante de riñón es complejo e implica el doble de actividad que en el de los candidatos a receptores de trasplante renal. El proceso finaliza en donación en el 27% de los candidatos estudiados. La enfermera concentra el 45% de las visitas que se requieren. Es necesario explorar estrategias para optimizar el proceso de estudio. Hay diferencias de género en cuanto a la predisposición para estudiarse voluntariamente como candidata a donante renal. (AU)

Objetives: To describe the care needs of the kidney donor candidate; the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics; and to analyse the results from a gender perspective.Material and Method: Cross-sectional descriptive observational study. Clinical and socio-demographic data, number and type of visits and clinical tests performed during 2020 were collected.Results: Sixty kidney donor candidates (n=37 women; 61.67%) with a mean age of 51.98±14.50 years and a median of 2.5 [RIQ (0.69-5.29)] months of study were included. 16 (26.67%) were eligible for donation, corresponding to 14.16% of the Renal Transplant (RT) activity of the reference centre. 757 visits were required (20.60% of the activity) of which 341 (45.05%) were visits with a nurse. 423 tests (19.60% of the activity) were required during the study. A mean of 1.87±1.35 cardiovascular risk factors was identified in the sample analysed, being 1.56±0.81 in those who were donors. More women (n=12; 75%) than men (n=4; 25%) were ultimately renal donors.Conclusions: The study of kidney donor candidates is complex and involves twice as much activity as that of kidney transplant recipient candidates. The process ends in donation in 27% of the candidates studied. The nurse concentrates 45% of the visits required. Strategies need to be explored to optimise the study process. There are gender differences in the predisposition to be studied voluntarily as a kidney donor candidate. (AU)

Actividad física durante el confinamiento de la covid-19. Revisión integrativa / Physical activity during the covid-19 confinement: integrative review

INTRODUCCIÓN: Debido a la situación de pandemia originada por la COVID-19, muchos gobiernos implementaron medidas de distanciamiento social y confinamiento. Estas medidas demostraron ser eficaces para frenar la propagación del virus, sin embargo, tuvieron un fuerte impacto en la vida de las personas modificando sus estilos de vida. OBJETIVO: Identificar los cambios producidos en la práctica de actividad física por parte de la población mundial mayor de 12 años, durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en el periodo de enero a julio del 2020. METODOLOGÍA: Se llevó a cabo una revisión integrativa de la literatura publicada entre diciembre 2019 y noviembre 2020, en las bases de datos: Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cuidatge y Cuiden. RESULTADOS: Finalmente 24 artículos fueron seleccionados. Estos artículos se clasificaron en 5 dimensiones: actividad física, alimentación, salud física, salud mental y aislamiento social. DISCUSIÓN: Se plantea que algunas de las asunciones que se tenían en relación con la práctica de actividad física previa al confinamiento se han visto modificadas creando nuevos esquemas y paradigmas que pueden contribuir al desarrollo de nuevos modelos para la promoción de la actividad física. CONCLUSIONES: Es fundamental que gobiernos, instituciones y profesionales de la salud desarrollen planes y estrategias para la promoción de la práctica de actividad física regular, instruyan a la población sobre la importancia de mantener conductas de vida saludables e incentiven a ponerlas en práctica, especialmente en situaciones como la vivida durante el confinamiento.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Many governments implemented social distancing and confinement measures due to the pandemic situation caused by COVID-19. These proved to be effective in stopping the virus spread, however, the measures had a strong impact on people’s lives by modifying their lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: To identify the changes that occurred in the population’s practice of physical activity by the world population of over 12 years old, during confinement by COVID-19 in the period from January to July 2020. METHODOLOGY: An integrative review of the literature was performed in the databases: Pubmed, CINAHL, Cochrane, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cuidatge and Cuiden. The search included articles published between November 2019 and December 2020. RESULTS: Finally, 24 articles were selected for full review. These articles were classified in 5 dimensions: physical activity, diet, physical health, mental health and social isolation. DISCUSSION: It is suggested that some of the assumptions that were held in relation to the practice of physical activity prior to confinement have been modified, creating new schemes and paradigms that can contribute to the development of new models for the promotion of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: It is essential that governments, institutions and health professionals work together to develop plans and strategies to promote the practice of regular physical activity. As nurses, our intervention is essential in this area, instructing the population on the importance of maintaining healthy lifestyles, and encouraging them to put them into practice, especially in situations such as those experienced during confinement. (AU)

The usefulness and acceptance of the OSCE in nursing schools.

This qualitative study explores the usefulness and acceptance attributed by students and faculty members to an Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) administered to nursing undergraduates in Catalonia (Spain) for 10 years. Seventy undergraduate nursing students and twelve faculty members participated in the study. The data collection techniques included an open-ended questionnaire, a student focus group, and individualized faculty interviews. The students experienced the OSCE positively as a learning event that offered an opportunity for feedback that could help them master the required competencies. The OSCE increased students' responsibility by presenting them with a set of challenges that they had to tackle individually. Moreover, it reaffirmed their confidence in situations that closely resembled professional practice. Faculty members valued the ability of the OSCE to integrate and assess competencies, its objectivity, and the indirect information it provided on the effectiveness of the curriculum. The educational impact attributed to the OSCE and its acceptance among faculty and students suggest that it would be useful to re-implement it in the Bachelor's of Nursing in Catalan universities. Our findings may be of use to other nursing programs considering how to assess competency-based education, especially in the context of the European Higher Education Area.

Experiencia de un proyecto de aprendizaje-servicio de salud comunitaria en el desarrollo de trabajos final de grado / Experience in a community health service learning project in the development of final degree projects

No disponible

Aprendizaje-servicio, compromiso social e innovación. Experiencias en las asignaturas Enfermería Comunitaria y Trabajo Final de Grado / No disponible

Introducción. Se realizan dos proyectos de aprendizaje servicio (ApS) en la Escuela de Enfermería de la Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Barcelona (UB), con la voluntad de favorecer la formación de estudiantes comprometidos con las necesidades de la comunidad en la que está arraigada la universidad. Objetivo. Adquirir el dominio competencial para gestionar la promoción y educación para la salud en el desarrollo de un servicio a la comunidad. Metodología. En la asignatura Enfermería Comunitaria dentro de Compartir Ideas, un proyecto de innovación docente del grupo de trabajo ApS (UB) con un equipo multidisciplinar de profesorado de diversas facultades, se realizan conferencias taller impartidas por estudiantes de la UB a alumnado de secundaria. Participación de cuatro estudiantes universitarias que realizan ocho conferencias taller sobre hábitos posturales, estiramientos y relajación en dos centros de educación secundaria de Barcelona. Participan 120 alumnos. Resultados. En el Trabajo Final de Grado se promueve la actividad física en mujeres. Colaboran dos enfermeras de dos centros de atención primaria. Se desarrollan cuatro sesiones de actividad física en dos grupos de mujeres. La evaluación del aprendizaje del alumnado universitario de ambos proyectos se realiza a través de las tutorías, los diarios reflexivos y las rúbricas del Trabajo Final de Grado en la modalidad ApS y los cuestionarios utilizados en el proyecto Compartir Ideas. Conclusión. Integrar la formación y el servicio mejora el dominio competencial en el cuidado de la comunidad, en la promoción de la salud, en el compromiso ético y en el trabajo en equipo, de manera que se aprende en la acción y la reflexión (AU)

No disponible

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial / Nursing university education in a new healthcare setting

La formación universitaria de las enfermeras ha de responder a los retos planteados por la sociedad del siglo XXI. Las condiciones de salud de las personas son de complejidad elevada, con problemas de carácter social asociados. Las facultades de enfermería deben formar a las enfermeras con una visión transformadora mediante la definición de planes de estudio, con enfoque preventivo y de promoción de la salud, en un contexto de salud pública y comunitaria. Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, junto con el liderazgo enfermero, son también elementos indispensables de valor para las enfermeras graduadas. Una respuesta innovadora a las necesidades sociales y de transformación de la sociedad requiere un compromiso con la definición de los planes de estudio del grado, pero también con los másteres y con la formación continuada. Enseñar a investigar es la manera de adquirir las competencias necesarias para generar conocimiento que contribuya a garantizar el desarrollo profesional de las enfermeras y colabore a la salud de las personas (AU)

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive intervencioapproach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health (AU)

Adherence to Antituberculosis Drugs in Children and Adolescents in A Low-Endemic Setting: A Retrospective Series.

Adherence to antituberculosis drug regimens is critical for the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in pediatrics. In a large retrospective series of children and adolescents in Barcelona, Spain, completion of treatment was worse among patients treated for latent infection, compared with those treated for active tuberculosis or receiving primary chemoprophylaxis. Toxicity and cultural and language barriers were identified as predictors of nonadherence.

[Nursing University Education in a New Healthcare Setting]. / La formación universitaria de las enfermeras en el nuevo contexto asistencial.

Nursing university education has to respond to the challenges of the 21st century. Health conditions are highly complex with associated social problems. The universities should train nurses with a transforming vision, by defining study plans, preventive approach and promoting health, in a context of community health. The information and communication technologies along with the nurse leadership are also essential elements of value for graduated nurses. An innovative response to social needs and transformation of society requires commitment in defining the study plans of degree and also in the master's degree and in the continuing education programs. Investigate is how to acquire the necessary skills to generate knowledge to help ensure the professional development of nurses and contribute to the persons health.

Producciones artísticas en el aprendizaje de la enfermería / Artistic productions in the learning of nursing

Objetivo: Facilitar el aprendizaje autónomo y reflexivo del estudiante de enfermería a través del análisis de creaciones artísticas (cine, literatura y artes plásticas). Sujetos y métodos: En el curso académico 2008-2009 se diseñó una ficha técnica y didáctica para cada obra seleccionada que permite el análisis y la reflexión sobre los procesos de salud-enfermedad. El uso de estas fichas-guía se utilizó en una asignatura troncal y en dos optativas para que fueran analizadas como complemento a los contenidos de las asignaturas. Además, se diseñó una página web en la que aparecen fichas de cine, literatura y artes plásticas. Resultados: En esta experiencia participaron 340 estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura 'Enfermería comunitaria II', 70 estudiantes de la asignatura 'Atención a la familia en el domicilio' y 30 estudiantes de la asignatura 'La creación artística como soporte en el aprendizaje de la enfermería comunitaria'. Las obras utilizadas con más frecuencia han sido: Te doy mis ojos, Bailar por dentro, Tierras de penumbra (cine); Paula, Diario de una buena vecina, La soledad de los números primos (literatura); Acechando la muerte, La morfina, El grito (artes plásticas). Conclusiones: Analizar una obra artística ha supuesto para los estudiantes una mayor comprensión de fenómenos que se explican en clase de forma aislada, aunque en la realidad se producen globalmente. Este aspecto se ha comprobado en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes y en el enriquecimiento de los debates en el aula

Aim: To facilitate autonomous and reflective learning to nursing students through the analysis of artistic creations (cinema, literature and visual arts). Subjects and methods: In the academic year 2008-2009 a technical and didactic tab was designed for each selected artistic work allowing the analysis and reflection on the health-disease processes. These tab guides were used in one core and two optional matters to be analyzed as a complement to the course content. In addition, a web page showing chips cinema, literature and visual arts was designed. Results: This experiment involved 340 students enrolled in the course Community Nursing II, 70 students of the subject Family care at home and 30 enrolled for the course Artistic creation as a learning support in community nursing. The works that were most frequently used were: Take my eyes, Inside I’m dancing, Shadowlands (cinema); Paula, Journal of a good neighbour, The solitude of prime numbers (literature); Stalking death, Morphine, The scream (visual arts). Conclusions: Analyzing a work of art led the students to greater understanding of phenomena discussed in class as separate items but that in reality are produced as a single whole This was proven in the academic performance of students and enriched discussions in the classroom

[Promotion of physical activity]. / Promoción de la actividad física.

AIM: To know the influence of the factors that determine physical exercise in adults and elderly by the analysis of the determinants categories of health-promoting behaviors in the health promotion nursing model (MPS) of Pender. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive review of the literature was conducted in order to identify the influencing factors in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise as a health promotes behavior. The databases consulted were PubMed-MEDLINE via RefWorks bibliography manager, CUIDEN and CUIDATGE. The search was conducted in 2010 and 2011, including publications in English and Spanish. RESULTS: 18 articles were reviewed to assess the influence, in adult and elderly population, of the factors: prior related behavior; personal factors; perceived benefits of action; perceived barriers to action; perceived self-efficacy; activity-related affect; interpersonal influences; situational influences; immediate competing demands and preferences; commitment to a plan of action. DEVELOPMENT AND DISCUSSION: Many studies have demonstrated the validity and predictive ability of the model studied in this article (MPS). There are complex biopsychosocial processes that motivate individuals to engage in behaviors to promote health. The MPS variables and their relationship are relevant in the decision to adopt increased physical activity behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: The Health Promotion Model facilitates the evaluation of the elements that influence behavior and helps nurses to identify how willing a person to exercise, what are their difficulties and can decide what interventions are most seek to promote physical activity.

Promoción de la actividad física / Promotion of physical activity

Objetivo: conocer la influencia de los factores que condicionan la realización de ejercicio físico en persones adultas y ancianas a partir del análisis de las categorías determinantes de las conductas promotoras de la salud que describe el modelo enfermero de promoción de la salud (MPS) de Pender. Metodología: se realizó una revisión descriptiva de las publicaciones sobre los factores que condicionan la adopción y el mantenimiento del ejercicio físico como conducta que promueve la salud. Las bases de datos consultadas han sido MEDLINE-PubMed, a través del gestor de bibliografía RefWorks, CUIDEN y CUIDATGE. La búsqueda se realizó en 2010 y 2011, entre publicaciones en inglés y español. Resultados: se han revisado 18 artículos que evalúan la influencia, en población adulta y anciana, de los factores: conducta previa relacionada; factores personales; beneficios de acción percibidos; barreras de acción percibidas; afecto relacionado con la actividad; autoeficacia percibida; influencias interpersonales; influencias situacionales; demandas de competencia inmediata y preferencias; compromiso con un plan de acción. Desarrollo y discusión: un extenso número de estudios ha demostrado la validez y capacidad predictiva del modelo que se estudia en este artículo (MPS). Existen procesos biopsicosociales complejos que motivan a las personas para comprometerse con conductas destinadas al fomento de su salud. Las variables del MPS y su relación con la decisión de adoptar conductas de mayor actividad física son relevantes. Conclusiones: el Modelo de Promoción de la Salud facilita la valoración de los elementos que condicionan las conductas y, en ese sentido, ayuda a las enfermeras a identificar cuán dispuesta está una persona para realizar ejercicio, cuáles son sus dificultades, y permite decidir qué tipo de intervenciones resultan las más apropiadas para promover la actividad física(AU)

Aim: to know the influence of the factors that determine physical exercise in adults and elderly by the analysis of the determinants categories of health-promoting behaviors in the health promotion nursing model (MPS) of Pender. Methodology: a descriptive review of the literature was conducted in order to identify the influencing factors in the adoption and maintenance of physical exercise as a health promotes behavior. The databases consulted were PubMed-MEDLINE via RefWorks bibliography manager, CUIDEN and CUIDATGE. The search was conducted in 2010 and 2011, including publications in English and Spanish. Results: 18 articles were reviewed to assess the influence, in adult and elderly population, of the factors: prior related behavior; personal factors; perceived benefits of action; perceived barriers to action; perceived self-efficacy; activity-related affect; interpersonal influences; situational influences; immediate competing demands and preferences; commitment to a plan of action. Development and discussion: many studies have demonstrated the validity and predictive ability of the model studied in this article (MPS). There are complex biopsychosocial processes that motivate individuals to engage in behaviors to promote health. The MPS variables and their relationship are relevant in the decision to adopt increased physical activity behaviors. Conclusions: the Health Promotion Model facilitates the evaluation of the elements that influence behavior and helps nurses to identify how willing a person to exercise, what are their difficulties and can decide what interventions are most seek to promote physical activity (AU)